6. (5.0分) 计算iiintsqrt(x^2)+y^(2)dV,其中Ω是由抛物面z=4-x²-y²及z=0所围成的空间闭区域.A. (64)/(15)piB. (128)/(15)piC. (18)/(5)piD. 32π
A. $\frac{64}{15}\pi$
B. $\frac{128}{15}\pi$
C. $\frac{18}{5}\pi$
D. 32π
题目解答
答案
解析
本题考查利用柱坐标计算三重积分的知识。解题思路是先将直角坐标下的三重积分转化为柱坐标下的三重积分,然后确定积分限,最后进行积分计算。
步骤一:将直角坐标转化为柱坐标
在柱坐标中,$x = r\cos\theta$,$y = r\sin\theta$,$z = z$,且$dV = rdzdrd\theta$,$\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}} = r$。
此时原积分$\iiint_{\Omega}\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}}dV$可转化为$\iiint_{\Omega}r\cdot rdzdrd\theta=\iiint_{\Omega}r^{2}dzdrd\theta$。
步骤二:确定积分限
- $z$的积分限:
已知区域$\Omega$由抛物面$z = 4 - x^{2} - y^{2}$及$z = 0$所围成,将$x = r\cos\theta$,$y = r\sin\theta$代入$z = 4 - x^{2} - y^{2}$可得$z = 4 - r^{2}$,所以$z$的下限为$0$,上限为$4 - r^{2}$,即$0\leq z\leq 4 - r^{2}$。 - $r$的积分限:
联立$\begin{cases}z = 4 - x^{2} - y^{2}\\z = 0\end{cases}$,可得$x^{2} + y^{2} = 4$,在柱坐标中$x^{2} + y^{2} = r^{2}$,所以$r^{2} = 4$,即$r = 2$($r\geq0$),那么$r$的下限为$0$,上限为$2$,即$0\leq r\leq 2$。 - $\theta$的积分限:
由于是整个圆周,所以$\theta$的下限为$0$,上限为$2\pi$,即$0\leq\theta\leq 2\pi$。
步骤三:计算积分
将积分限代入柱坐标下的三重积分可得:
$\begin{align*}&\iiint_{\Omega}r^{2}dzdrd\theta\\=&\int_{0}^{2\pi}d\theta\int_{0}^{2}r^{2}dr\int_{0}^{4 - r^{2}}dz\\=&\int_{0}^{2\pi}d\theta\int_{0}^{2}r^{2}\cdot(4 - r^{2})dr\\=&\int_{0}^{2\pi}d\theta\int_{0}^{2}(4r^{2} - r^{4})dr\\=&\int_{0}^{2\pi}d\theta\left(\frac{4}{3}r^{3} - \frac{1}{5}r^{5}\right)\big|_{0}^{2}\\=&\int_{0}^{2\pi}d\theta\left(\frac{4}{3}\times 2^{3} - \frac{1}{5}\times 2^{5}\right)\\=&\int_{0}^{2\pi}d\theta\left(\frac{32}{3} - \frac{32}{5}\right)\\=&\int_{0}^{2\pi}d\theta\times\frac{160 - 96}{15}\\=&\int_{0}^{2\pi}d\theta\times\frac{64}{15}\\=&\frac{64}{15}\times 2\pi\\=&\frac{128}{15}\pi\end{align*}$