设u=f(z), z=g(xy, x^2+y^2), 其中f(z)可导, g(u, v)有连续偏导数, 则(partial u)/(partial x)= ()A. yg_1' + 2xg_2'B. f' cdot (2yg_1' + xg_2')C. 2yg_1' + xg_2'D. f' cdot (yg_1' + 2xg_2')
A. $yg_1' + 2xg_2'$
B. $f' \cdot (2yg_1' + xg_2')$
C. $2yg_1' + xg_2'$
D. $f' \cdot (yg_1' + 2xg_2')$
题目解答
答案
解析
本题考查复合函数求偏导数的知识。解题的关键在于运用复合函数求导的链式法则,逐步分析函数之间的复合关系,从而求出$\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}$。
已知$u = f(z)$,$z = g(xy, x^2 + y^2)$,要求$\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}$,根据复合函数求导的链式法则$\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}=\frac{du}{dz}\cdot\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}$。
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步骤一:求$\frac{du}{dz}$
因为$u = f(z)$且$f(z)$可导,所以$\frac{du}{dz}=f^\prime(z)$,这里为了书写方便,简记为$f^\prime$。 -
步骤二:求$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}$
令$z = g(u, v)$,其中$u = xy$,$v = x^2 + y^2$。
根据复合函数求偏导的链式法则$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}=\frac{\partial g}{\partial u}\cdot\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}+\frac{\partial g}{\partial v}\cdot\frac{\partial v}{\partial x}$。- 求$\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}$:
因为$u = xy$,对$x$求偏导数,把$y$看作常数,根据求导公式$(X^n)^\prime=nX^{n - 1}$,可得$\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}=y$。 - 求$\frac{\partial v}{\partial x}$:
因为$v = x^2 + y^2$,对$x$求偏导数,把$y$看作常数,根据求导公式$(X^n)^\prime=nX^{n - 1}$,可得$\frac{\partial v}{\partial x}=2x$。 - 已知$g(u, v)$有连续偏导数,$\frac{\partial g}{\partial u}$记为$g_1^\prime$,$\frac{\partial g}{\partial v}$记为$g_2^\prime$。
将$\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}=y$,$\frac{\partial v}{\partial x}=2x$代入$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}=\frac{\partial g}{\partial u}\cdot\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}+\frac{\partial g}{\partial v}\cdot\frac{\partial v}{\partial x}$,可得$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}=g_1^\prime\cdot y + g_2^\prime\cdot 2x=yg_1^\prime + 2xg_2^\prime$。
- 求$\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}$:
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步骤三:求$\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}$
将$\frac{du}{dz}=f^\prime$和$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}=yg_1^\prime + 2xg_2^\prime$代入$\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}=\frac{du}{dz}\cdot\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}$,可得$\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}=f^\prime\cdot(yg_1^\prime + 2xg_2^\prime)$。