题目
设函数z=ln(x^2+y^2),则dzbigg|(1,-2)=()A. (4)/(5)dx+(1)/(5)dyB. (1)/(5)dx+(2)/(5)dyC. (2)/(5)dx-(4)/(5)dyD. (4)/(5)dx+(2)/(5)dy
设函数$z=\ln(x^2+y^2)$,则$dz\bigg|(1,-2)=$()
A. $\frac{4}{5}dx+\frac{1}{5}dy$
B. $\frac{1}{5}dx+\frac{2}{5}dy$
C. $\frac{2}{5}dx-\frac{4}{5}dy$
D. $\frac{4}{5}dx+\frac{2}{5}dy$
题目解答
答案
C. $\frac{2}{5}dx-\frac{4}{5}dy$
解析
本题考查全微分的计算,解题思路是先求出函数$z = \ln(x^2 + y^2)$关于$x$和$y$的偏导数,再将点$(1, -2)$代入偏导数中,最后根据全微分公式$dz=\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}dx+\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}dy$计算$dz\big|_{(1,-2)}$。
- 求$z$关于$x$的偏导数$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}$:
根据复合函数求导法则,若$z = \ln(u)$,$u = x^2 + y^2$,则$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}=\frac{\partial z}{\partial u}\cdot\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}$。- 对$z = \ln(u)$关于$u$求导,可得$\frac{\partial z}{\partial u}=\frac{1}{u}$。
- 对$u = x^2 + y^2$关于$x$求导,可得$\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}=2x$。
- 所以$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}=\frac{1}{x^2 + y^2}\cdot 2x=\frac{2x}{x^2 + y^2}$。
- 求$z$关于$y$的偏导数$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}$:
同样根据复合函数求导法则,$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}=\frac{\partial z}{\partial u}\cdot\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}$。- 已求得$\frac{\partial z}{\partial u}=\frac{1}{u}$。
- 对$u = x^2 + y^2$关于$y$求导,可得$\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}=2y$。
- 所以$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}=\frac{1}{x^2 + y^2}\cdot 2y=\frac{2y}{x^2 + y^2}$。
- 将点$(1, -2)$代入偏导数中:
- 把$x = 1$,$y = -2$代入$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}$,可得$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}\big|_{(1,-2)}=\frac{2\times 1}{1^2 + (-2)^2}=\frac{2}{1 + 4}=\frac{2}{5}$。
- 把$x = 1$,$y = -2$代入$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}$,可得$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}\big|_{(1,-2)}=\frac{2\times (-2)}{1^2 + (-2)^2}=\frac{-4}{1 + 4}=-\frac{4}{5}$。
- 计算$dz\big|_{(1,-2)}$:
根据全微分公式$dz=\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}dx+\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}dy$,将$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}\big|_{(1,-2)}=\frac{2}{5}$,$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}\big|_{(1,-2)}=-\frac{4}{5}$代入可得:
$dz\big|_{(1,-2)}=\frac{2}{5}dx-\frac{4}{5}dy$。